Composition of data machine

Time: 2019-09-12

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The composition of CNC machine tools CNC machine tools are generally composed of input and output equipment, numerical control devices (CNC), servo units, drive devices (or actuators), programmable logic controllers (PLC) and electrical control devices, auxiliary devices, machine tool bodies and measuring devices.

1. The composition of CNC machine tools CNC machine tools are generally composed of input and output equipment, numerical control device (CNC), servo unit, drive device (or actuator), programmable controller (PLC) and electrical control device, auxiliary device, machine tool body and Measurement device composition.

(1) CNC machine tool plant input and output devices. It is an interactive device for machine tool numerical control system and operators to exchange information and realize man-machine dialogue.

The function of the input device is to change the numerical control code on the program carrier into the corresponding electrical pulse signal, which is transmitted and stored in the numerical control device. At present, the input devices of CNC machine tools include keyboards, disk drives, photoelectric readers, etc., and their corresponding program carriers are disks and perforated paper tapes. The output device is a display, and there are two types of CRT display or color liquid crystal display. The function of the output device is that the numerical control system provides the necessary information for the operator through the display. The displayed information may be the program being edited, coordinate values, alarm signals, and the like.

(2) numerical control device (CNC device). Is the core of computer numerical control system, is composed of hardware and software two parts. It receives the pulse signal from the input device. After the compilation, operation and logic processing of the system software or logic circuit of the numerical control device, it outputs various signals and instructions to control the various parts of the machine tool to make it perform the prescribed, Orderly action. The most basic signals among these control signals are the feed speed, feed direction and displacement instructions of each coordinate axis (I. e. each execution part making feed motion) (sent to the servo drive system to drive the execution part to make feed motion), as well as the speed change, direction change and start-stop signals of the spindle, the selection and exchange of tool instruction signals of the tool, the start-stop control of cooling liquid and lubricating oil, and the loosening and clamping of the workpiece and machine tool parts, auxiliary command signals for controlling the indexing of the indexing table, etc.

The numerical control device mainly includes microprocessor (CPU), memory, local bus, peripheral logic circuit and interface with other components of CNC system.

(3) Programmable logic controller (PLC). CNC machine tools through CNC and PLC to complete the control function, which, CNC is mainly completed with digital computing and management related functions, such as parts of the program editing, interpolation, decoding, tool motion position servo control. The PLC mainly completes some actions related to logic operation. It receives CNC control codes M (auxiliary function), S (spindle speed), T (tool selection, tool change) and other switching value action information, decodes the switching value action information, converts it into corresponding control signals, and controls the auxiliary device to complete the corresponding switching action of the machine tool, such as workpiece clamping, tool replacement, coolant switch and other auxiliary action. It also receives instructions from the machine tool operation panel, on the one hand, directly controls the action of the machine tool (such as manual operation of the machine tool), and on the other hand, sends some instructions to the numerical control device for the control of the machining process.

In the FANUC system, the PLC specifically used to control the machine tool is recorded as PMC, which is called the programmable machine tool controller.

("Servo unit. The servo unit receives speed and displacement commands from the numerical control device. After these instructions are transformed and amplified by the servo unit, they are converted into the speed, direction and displacement of the machine tool feed motion through the drive device. Therefore, the servo unit is the link between the numerical control device and the machine tool body, which amplifies the weak command signal from the numerical control device into a high-power signal that controls the drive device. The servo unit is divided into the spindle unit and the feed unit, etc. The servo unit is divided into open-loop pump system, semi-closed-loop system and closed-loop system in terms of its system.

(5) Drive device. The driving device changes the command signal amplified by the servo unit into mechanical motion, and drives the machine tool worktable through the mechanical connection parts to accurately position the worktable or make strict relative motion according to the specified trajectory, and process the shape, size and accuracy that meet the requirements. Parts. At present, the commonly used driving devices include DC servo motor and AC servo motor, and AC servo motor is gradually replacing DC servo motor.

Servo unit and drive device are collectively called servo drive system, which is the power device of the machine tool. The instruction of the computer numerical control device depends on the servo drive system. The servo drive device includes the spindle drive unit (mainly controlling the speed of the spindle) and the feed drive unit (mainly controlling the speed and position of the feed system). Servo drive system is an important part of CNC machine tools. In a sense, the function of CNC machine tools mainly depends on the CNC device, and the performance of CNC machine tools mainly depends on the servo drive system.

(6) the machine tool body. That is, the mechanical parts of CNC machine tools, including the main moving parts, feed motion execution parts (worktable, carriage and its transmission parts) and supporting parts (bed, column, etc.), as well as cooling, lubrication, indexing and clamping, etc. Functional auxiliary device. Machining center class of CNC machine tools and storage tool magazine, exchange tool manipulator and other components, CNC machine tool mechanical components similar to the composition of ordinary machine tools. Due to the requirements of high speed, high precision, large cutting amount and continuous processing of CNC machine tools, the mechanical parts have higher requirements in precision, stiffness, vibration resistance and so on.

In addition, in order to ensure the full play of the functions of CNC machine tools, there are some auxiliary systems, such as cooling system, lubrication system, hydraulic (or pneumatic) system, chip removal system, protection system, etc.

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